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 THE MISSOURI ARCHAEOLOGIST
CO NTENTS
VOLUMF,34.NOS. 1-2COLUMBIA, MO. DECEMBER,1972
CLAY PIPES FROM PAMPLIN by Henry \W.
Editor: Robert T. Bray, University of Missouri-Columbia
Jean Tyree Hamilton . . .
I
-.r

socrETY
oFFrcERs
1972 Acknowledgments .,I

Henry -J7.Hamilton,President Introduction . ..2

The Home Pipemaking Industry . .) a

VICE-PRESIDENTS Home Industry Pipe Making Methods . .7

LeonardW. Blake Edward C. Matthews,Jr. The Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company .8
Factory Machinery 11
J. AIIen Eichenberger Clem T. Kelly
Dr. H. Lee Hoover Leo J. Roedl Factory Firing and Glazing , . .12
Dr. Carl H. Chapman,Secretary David R. Evans,Treasurer Reed Stems .12
Pipes Made By The Factory .LZ
TRUSTEES FactoryPrice List of Pipesand Jobbers Discounts,As of t941, .13
H o r o l dW . M o h r m o n ,( C h o i r m o n ) Pamplin Area Pipe Forms .14
Leo O. Anderson Maynard A. Fisher Miss Marg ret.Lawlor Conclusions. . ,2I
RamseyBearden Michael R. Fisher I. H. Lehmer Bibliography . . )7

Dale Belshe
/ohn E. Berq'
C. L. Blanton,Jr.
FreddieBolJinger
Fred Brandenburger
Mrs. Mary B. Bruno
C. \Tarren Cagle
Miss Harryette Campbell
R. I. Colborn
J. L. Connelly
Paul Corbin
J. M. Crick
Mrs. W. L. Davidson
S7. B. Debo
Jack Dennis
Richard V. Dolby
TerranceDyche
BenedictEllis
Jim D. Feagins
Dr. Raymond Felling
Forrest Femmer
ChadesR. Fiorita
P R E S E R V A T I OONF S I T E SC O M M T T T E E
J. J. McKinny (Chairman)
JosephB. Abell
Dr. Hugh L. Cutler
William R. Denslow
Robert L. Elgin
Arthur L. Freeman,Jr.
Howell Geiger
Henry H. Gerdes
J. N7. Gerhardt
Harold Green
T. M. Hamilton
Dr. E. B. Hanan
Ha:ly L. Harner
Dr. M. M. Hart
Dr. \William Hayes
O. Lee Herberger
J. P. Herring
Leo P. Hopper
James G. Houser
Dr. Shelby Hughes
EImo Ingenthron
Sam C. Irvine
Sam G. Jones
James F. Keefe
Thomas Keel, Jr.
David Kimbrough
George \W. Kirk
Claude Knoles
GenevieveHuss
CharlesE. Martien
Haysler A. Poague
Robert M. Seelen
George U. Shelby,Jr.
Dr. James L. Lowe THE UTLAUT SITE (235A1.62W):AN ONEOTA-HISTORIC MISSOURI
Frank Magre BURIAL SITE By PatriciaJ. O'Brien and Kevin Hart . .48
\Tinton O. Meyer Burial Descriptions .. . 48
SteveMiller Discussion. . . . 67
George \7. Nichois ReferencesCited .o)
Dr. Peter Nichols Appendix: SkeletalRemainsfrom the Utlaut Site by Kevin Hart and
CharlesV. Orr Ciark Larsen .o/
\f. L. Philyaw A REPORT OF SALVAGE INVESTIGATIONS AT ST. CHARLES,
Mrs. HowardPlatz MISSOURI By J M. Shippee . .15
Art Province
Julian D. Pyatc
I LLUSTRATI O NS
Nelson Reed
Donovan Reynolds CLAY PIPES FROM PAMPLIN By
Ralph G. Roberts Henry \7. Hamilton and JeanTyree Hamilton
Paul V. Sellers
Dr. FrancisL. Srubbs Plate Page
Johr W. Taylor 1 . T o o l s o f t h e H o m e P i p e m a k i n g l n d u s t r. .y. ......26
Floyd Vavak 2. Pamplin Pipe from the steamboatBertrand . . . . . . .27
John C. Vinton 3. Stencilson the Box of Pamplin Pipes from rhe Bertrand . . . . .27
George Von Hoffman, Jr. 4. The Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company,Inc. . . . .28
James
tValden ). Kiln of the Pamplin Smoking Pipe Company . . . . .29
6. Pipe Molding Machine from Pampiin Factory . 30
7 . S a g g e rf sr o m t h e P a m p l i nF a c t o r y. . . .......3I
8. Advertising Brochure,Pampiin Pipe Company . . . 32
p . T h e " o r i g i n a l "P o w h a t a na n d o t h e rP a m p l i nP i p e F o r m s . . . . ......33
Allen B. Soper 1 0 . P r i c eL i s t o f P a m p l i nC o m p a n yP i p eF o r m s. . . . .......34
Frank Stonner 11. "Tomahawk Pipe," 1941Brochure . . . . .3)
C. H. Turner 12. SalesTag {or "Original" Powhatan Pipe . .36
Art. L. \Talihausen,Jr.
111
PIate Pa.se FROMPAMPLIN
CIAY PIPES
13. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms " '37 bv Henry \7. Hamilton & Jean Tyree Hamilton
14. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms ?a
. . . J v

15. Pampiin Area Pipe Forms 3c) ACKNO WTEDG M ENTS

16. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms ...40
\We wish to expressappreciationto all of the following for their help and
77. Pamplin.AreaPipe Forms
18. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms assistancein the p..p.trtion of this rePort. The contributions of some are dis-
19. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms cussedin detail in *re text, but we afe grateful to each and every one'
20. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms Miss NTilsieThornton, Mrs. Bess Franklin Mattox, Stuart M. Farrarand
2L. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms Jack Price, Pamplin, Virginia.
22. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms Dr. Clyde G. O'Brien, M.D.; Calvin Robinson, retired editor; Ray Noble
23. Pamplin Area Pipe Forms and \{/illiam Sperry,Appomattox, Virginia'
Tables Mrs. Aldah B. Gordon, Clerk Circuit Court, Appomattox County, Appomat-
1. Sourcesof Pipesand Relative Numbers avaiiablefor Examination . . . . . . .14 tox, Virginia.
2. IdentificationsAppearing on Certain.Pamplin Pipes . . 1t
Vernon C. Womack, Clerk Circuit Court, Prince Edward County, Farmville,
THE UTLAUT SITE (23SAL62W): AN ONEOTA-HISTORIC MISSOURI
Virgjnia.
BURIAL SITE By PatriciaI. O'Brien and Kevin Hart . . . . ... .48
Alford L. Rector, CharlesH. Meadows,and Mrs. CharlesS' Martin, Ap-
Figures Dom2rtox court House, National Historic Park, virginia.
1. Floodplainof the Missouri River with Locationsof Edward A. Chappell,virginia Historic Landmarkscommission, Richmond,
23sA4,23SAL62Wand Z35A162. Virginia.
2. Test Excavationsat the Utlaut Site
Edward F. Heite, formerly with Virginia Historic LandmarksCommission'
3. Burial t,23s[r62\f .
4. Artifacts from the [Jtlaut Site FrancisB. Fitzgerald,Suffolk, Virginia.
I. Burial 2, 2lSAr62W . David Dautenhahn,Marshall, Missouri
6. Pottery Vesselsfrom the Utlaut Site . . . . -Valker, \W. Griffin and Richard D. Faust,SoutheastArch-
7. Burial ).2JSAL62\7 . John W. John
8. Burial 4,2354I62W . aeologicalCenter, National Park Service,Macon, Georgia'
Historic Park, virginia.
9. Burial 6,235{r62w . J. Paul Hudson, JamestownNational
10. Pottery VesselsAssociatedwith BuriaI 6 . Rex L. -ilrilson, Acting Chief, Division of Archaeologvand AnthroPology,
11. Tibiae of Burial 1 . . . Nationai Park Service,\Tashington.
12. Skull Profilesof Burial 3 . . .
\flashington'
Tabks John C. Ewers,SmithsonianInstitution,
Park Service,\Tashington'
1. Post-CranialMeasurementsand Indices for SkeletalMaterial Jerome E. Petsche,National
from 23SAI62W ....73 CharlesPhillips, Williamstown, Massachusetts'
2. Cranial Measurementsand Indices,Burials, 2, 6 .
Miss Mary M. \ratts, Times-Dispatch,Richmond, virginia.
3. Comparisonof Male Staturefor Oneota Indians ..../4
A REPORT OF SALVAGE INVESTIGATIONS AT ST. CHARLES. Robert L. Saville, Jr., LawyersTitle InsuranceCorp., Richmond Virginia'
MISSOURI By J. M. Shippee . . ....75 Morton L. \Tallerstein and Ralph Dombrower, Richmond, Partnersin the
last factory operation.
Figures Page
Microfilm Department, virginia state Library, Richmond.
1. Pit A Pottery .,,71
2. Pits B and D Artifacts . .79 Miss Eleanor Thompson, Assistant Librarian, Missouri Valley College,
3. Pit D Pottery ...81
4. Pottery from Pit D and .. .82

iv
Marshall, Missouri.
Mrs. Dorothy Erdmann, Summit County Historical Society,Ai<ron, Ohio.
Floyd Painter, Editor, The Chesopiean,
Norfolk, Virginia.
Ronald A. Thomas, StateArchaeologist, Dover, Delaware.
Mrs. ElizabethSchiekand L. T. Alexander,ArchaeologicalSocietyof Dela-
'ware,\Tilmington.
R. H. Landon, Minnesota ArchaeologicaiSociety,Minneapolis.
Howard A. MacCord,sr., Archaeology Societyof virginia, Richmond, vir-
ginia.
Ronald R. Switzer,Bertrand ConservationLaboratory,DeSoto National
\Tildlife Refuge,Missouri Valley, Iowa.
The photographyis by T. M. Hamilton, Miami, Missouri, exceprwhere
otherwisenoted.
To the many others who have helped, we also wish to expressour thanks.
INTRODUCTION
This is presentedas an aid in the identification of claypipes from the gen-
eral arcaof Pamplin, Virginia, th^t might appear in archaeologicaland historic
sites.Interest in thesepipes has been stimulated by their being reported as found
in varioussitesin the westernUnited States.
The circumstancesunder which this information has been gathered and the
fact that it has been a number of years since clay pipes were made here, either as
a home industry or commercially by the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufactur-
ing Company,leavemuch to be desired.On the other hand, in our work we
have inspecteda total of 4,451 Pamplin pipes; of this number 39%iwere from
the factory grounds, and 6rVo were from the Thornton Store site and represented
the home industry, so we feel that the 39 forms presentedrepresentat least a
majority of the pipe forms made at Pamplin.
This is not to say that a similar form could not have been made elsewhere;
however the style, the generally heavier and thicker characterof the piece, and
the finish, or lack of it, as well as the usual deep red color of the Virginia clay,
would seemto make thesepipes distinctive.
Under the conditions in which these pipes were rerrieved it is obvious that
the numbers of the different forms located give little indication of the relative
numbers of the different styles that were manufactured,the popularity of the
various syles,or the relative time of their manufacture.
Nearly all of the pipes.examinedwere retrieved by excavation,by people
who simply happenedto become interested; this is equally true whether the
pipes had been made by the factory and excavatedout of fill on rhe old factory
grounds, or whether they were made at the homes and excavatedfrom the base-
ment of the old Thornton Store, which through the years had taken them in
trade for merchandise.
In some casesamong the pipes examined there were not more than one, or
a few, examples of a certain form. In other casesthere were hundreds. Among
the examplesavailableto us there v/as generally little variation in size within
the sameform. \7e have illustrated the largest and the smallest,since this also
gives an opportunity to note minor variations that may exist between different
molds for the same pipe form. However, a rathe,rwide variation in size was
presentin that shown as (Plate 13 A), the "Original" Powhatan,where a total
of tz gradations from largest to smallest were found.
The predominant color of the pipes is dark red. A lighter color is infre-
quently present,running from almost yellow, to salmon, to light brown. The
very dark, almost black coioration of some is said to come either from minerals
present in the soil of this area,to which the pipes presentedhere had been sub-
jected sincenearly all had been many yearsunderground, or from actual fire that
had fallen into the saggersof the Co_mpanykiln, or the iron pots in which the
pipes had been fired in the home industry.
During the last yearsof factory operation "some white clay from either
STest Virginia or Kentucky was shipped in by nlkoad". This resulted in pipes
of a lighter color, at times light grey to white. Apparentiy no pipes made from
this particuiar clay were seenby us, except possibly those iliustrated in Plate 23
AI.
THE HO M E PI PEM AKI NG I NDUSTRY
\7e11 establishedlocal tradition indicates that clzy pipemaking in the homes,
for home and neighborhooduse,startedalmost as soon as the first settlersreached
the area,and after the suitability of the local clay was discovered.Initial county
organizationin this part of Virginia was well underw^y by the I74O's.
Bradshaw'sHistorTof PrinceEdward Country,Virginia, 19t5, p. t states,Batho
Austin road to beclearedfrom tlte Apporrattox Nuer near ColonelRichard Randolph's
quarter to Hill's Fork on Vaughan's Creekb7 a/l who ltaed near the route and were
not employed on otherroads.1742,
Vernon C. \ilZomack,Clerk of the Circuit Court, Prince Edward County, in
a personal letter states,"Since the south fork of Vaughan's Creek originates a
short distancefrom where the pipe factory was later located in Pamplin, this
might be the starting point. John \food's map of Prince Edward County, dated
1820which shows that part that was later cut off to form Appomattox County,
gives a detail nerwork of roads through Kelso's Old Store,which appearsto be
near the presentlocation of Pamplin."
There werestoresat Sandy Riuer, Vm, and SarnuelMatthew had a storeat
 Walker's Church,and l{elso'sO/d Storewas betweenl{/a/ker's Church and MercintAn's
Shop(now Pamplin)." The statemenris footnotedJohn Vood map, 1820,(Brad-
shaw, 1955:3I9).
Meninan's ShopPost }ff,ce, 94 milesfrom Nchrnond, 185 milesfrom Washington,
(Martin, L835:269).
Adaertisen'tentfor renewal of bidsfor rural rzute for post ffice in Merriman's
Shopin 1843-1848 (Bradshaw,I95t :3r5).
The area that was later to become Appomattox County had been, succes-
sively, included in the areasof several earlier and Iarger counties. Appomattox
County was formed in 1845.The railroad came through Merriman's Shop in
I8t4, and was renamedPamplin. The Appomattox County Courthouseburned
and the county recordswere destroyed by fire on February 2, 1892 (Communica-
tion from Mrs. Aldah Gordon).
Mrs. BessFranklin Mattox reported,"Nicholas Pamplin, a residentof Mer-
riman's Shop, was the only citizen who permitted the railroad to go through
his land without chargeand so the village was renamedfor him" (Mattox, per-
sonal communication).For a time it was known as Pamplin Depot, then Pam-
plin City, finally simply Pampiin.
The home manufactureof pipes has had a long history in this part of Vir-
grnia and can be consideredas well underway by the I74Os.It existed long be-
fore the Company came to Pamplin and continued after the Company had ceased
operations,or as long as there was an activedemandfor clay pipes.
The Home Industry finally came to a close in I9J3. "Mrs. Betty Price of
Appomattox County was the last to make pipes. I have a mold usedby her. She
made them from childhood and in her prime could make 40,000pipes per year,
having been taught by her mother in 1866 when she was eight yearsold. Her
mother had made them a lifetime before her. In the last year of Mrs. Betty
Price's life, 1953,she made 500 pipes at the age of 95. They were made from
clay from her own farm." (Personalletter from Dr. Clyde G. O'Brien of Appo-
mattox, and her son,Jack Price of Pamplin).
A column by the ll{ews-Leader correspondentfrom Appomattox, April 30,
(year unknown) said, Hollywood has reacheda// the way to Panplin to get Mrs.
Betty Price'spipa for useby the Indians in the mouie,"Northwest Mounted Police".
CecilB, DeMille's researchman ferreted out the Powhatanpipe somemonthsbeforethe
flm went into prodaction. Seaeraldozen uere ordered,Franh Llryd also boughtPipes
to be usedin theproduction of "Howards of Virginia",
Practicallyspeaking,all of the pipes made at the homes were made by white
women, and from about the time of the first settlementof the territory, as the
specialsuitability of the local clay for that purpose was eady discovered.
Miss \Tilsie Thornton of Pamplin said that this industry had become espe-
cially important after the \Var Between the States,becausewith so many men
having been killed and the area in such straitenedcircumstances,the women
were badly in need of some means of making a living. The pipes they made
could be traded at severalgeneral stores,or sold for a few cents,and there was
no cost for materials.
One such establishmentat which the local women disposedof their pipes
wasJ. R. Franklin & Co., of Pamplin. Some of these pipes were recoveredwhen
the cargo of the sternwheeler, Bertrand, which sank in the Missouri River at
Port La Force,Nebraska,April 1, 186), (Petsche,L970:I) was salvagedin 7968'
69. The official list of artifacts recoveredin the salvageoperation, supplied by
Jerome E. Petsche,National Park Service,who was in chargeof that oPeration
shows:
Pipes,Smoking;Seaeraltlpes and sizesrecoaered; briars and clay; onelot included
clay bowlsexclusiuely,otherscontainedstemsand bowls. Consignee:Viuian and Sirnp'
son, Virginia City. Manufaaurer'r stenciling:'THE CELEBRATED VIRGINIA
P O\TH A TA N ( CLAY) , J. R. FRANKLI N & CO . , SO LE AG ENTS FO R
THE MANUFACTURERS, PAMPLIN DEPOT, APPOMATTOX COUNTY,
VA.' Field lot numbersMPC 104, MPC 3t8, FSC 171.
The following description of_the pipe shipment on the Bertrand was Pro-
vided by Ronald R. Switzer, Drrector, Bertrand ConservationLaboratorl, Na-
tional Park Service,Missouri Valley, Iowa.
"The pipes areof one type and design (Plate 2). Forty pipe bowls plus 136
fragments. . . all but 1) are chipped or broken, condition otherwise good. Clay,
predominantly grayish-tan,mottled with brick red and brown. Pastesoft, fine,
and uniform,...exterior has soft sheen.Preservation:Brushedwith soft bristle
brush in running tap water to remove mud." (Switzer,personalcommunication).
This pipe is similar to (Plate 19U); however,there are slight variationsdue
to differencesin individual molds made for production of the samepipe form.
The two pipe forms (Plate 19 T & U), were the only exampleswe found
that carried the peculiar pinkish-gray t^n color, and they were found only among
the pipes made by the Home Industry. They were probably made of clay from
the samesourceand by the sameindividual, sincehome pipemakersusually dug
their clay on their ov/n premises,and the condition of the pipes, after a century
in mud and moisture,indicatesthat the work was done well.
The shipment was contained in a wooden box, which was approximateiy
I5Vz inches long, 8Vz inches wide, and 8 inches tall (Plate 2). The stenciling
on the box is faint, but legible.
"Lettering on the top of the box indicated the consigneebut is so faded
that it was impossible to obtain a good photograph; however the stencil once
read,-8. A. L. Vivian & Simpson, Virginia City, M. T." (Plate 3) (Switzer,
personalcommunication).
" One end of t he box was let t er ed,No. L, 216, M . Size" ( Plat e 3) . The
meaning of this can only be conjectured,however it may have indicated ship-
ment No. 1, to this consignee; containing 216 pipes; of Medium size.
The stencilsidentifying the consignor,J. R. Franklin & Co., appearedon
both sidesof the box and were identical (Plate 3). The same,excePtin abbrevi-
ated form, appeareddiagonally on one end of the box.
The accountbook of the store at New Store, Virginia, about 23 miles north-
east of Pamplin, which is in the collectionsat Appomattox Courthouse,records
that on Sept. I, 1866,I. H. Schenaultwas paid $s.OOfor 1,600PiP.s, and later,
(apparentlythe sameday) was paid $8.71 for 2,77) pipes. The latter was evi-
dently a partial and immediate "in t(ade" transaction.
So in the Pamplin area in the 1860sgeneral storeswere taking clay pipes
made in the home industry, allowing about Vz( eachin trade for commodities,
and at least in one instancewere shipping them west for use by the miners in
the gold fields.
Mrs. Betty Price has said that the Powhatan "Original" (Plate 13 A) the
"Hamburg" (Plate L4 F) and the "Zuyee" or "Zoo" (Plate 19 T) were some of
the first pipe forms made in the area.(News-Leader, April 30, year unknown).
Many of the clay pipes made at homes near Pamplin were traded for com-
modities at the Thornton General Store in Pamplin, and this store was truly
"general", for it handled, in addition to groceries,everything from threshing
machinesand horsepowermills to siik thread.
Miss \Wilsie Thornton had a copy of her Father'sletterhead:the Ietter was
dated,J^n. 9, 1892.The letterheadreads,-
V/, D, THORI,{TON, DEALER,
GeneralMerchandiseand Agricultural lntplements.
Vholesak dealer in All Stylesof Clrl Pipesand Stems
Manufacturer's Agent for
Aultman and Taylor Threshers,HorsePowerand Farm Engines,
AIso BuckeyeReapers€t Mowers & Tbornmill Wagons.
"The pipes m ad e b y th e l o c a l w o me n ," Mi s s Thompson sai d, " w €re
traded to rhe Thornton Store for the necessitiesof life. The pipes were stored
in the basementof the store and packedin barrels,in either pine needlesor saw-
dust, and shipped to the Baltimore BargarnHouse, or to other wholesalehouses.
From the wholesalehousesthey were shipped to the Cotton Statesand to the
\flest. Large orders were filled {or a tobacco factory in Pennsylvania,where they
soid bags of tobaccowith the pipes."
Pamplin pipes have been reported from the sites of Fort Laramte, til7yom-
ing; Fort Sanders,Wyoming; Fort Stambaugh,\Tyoming; Fort Phil Kearny,
\Tyoming; Fort Union, New Mexico; Fort Sully, South Dakota; and Fort Davis,
Texas ('Wilson, L97I).
Miss Thornron's pa(ents were married in 1874,but the store was alreadyin
operation at that time. Her father continued operation until his death, Decem-
ber 16, 1897;after that the store was run by her brother. A bank, the "Farmer's
and Merchant'sNational Bank" was also operated in the store. In later yearsthe
building becamea drug store.
Finally with time and disusethe old building came down and erosion,with
perhaps some intentional filling of the area,took place. So the site of the old
general store, which in its heyday had meant so much to Pamplin and Appo-
mattox County and its people in their daily living, becamesimply a y^cant area,.
Some yearsago Miss Thornton had made a train trip and met an old colored
woman in a rest room to which they had both gone to smoke. (When we met
her, Miss Thornton chain-smokedat the age of sl). The colored woman had a
sack of tobaccoand pulled out a clzy pipe which Miss Thornton recognizedas
of the kind that her father used to take in trade, so she askedthe woman if it
was a good one.
The woman answered,"Law, yes, but I can't buy them any more!" so Miss
Thornton told her that it was made long ago, in her home town, and that she
would try to get her some.
Her next problem was to find some pipes. After severaldays she thought of
the pipes that she feit sure were covered with earth and still in the basementof
her father's old store, so she talked to her cousin and next door neighbor, Mrs.
u"'#::lli#iH,, "*r,
,h.y dugat thesite.Mrs.Mattoxthink,,, around
L958,though possibly 2 yearsearlier. "Erosion through the yearshad covered
the pipes and when we fi.rststarted to dig we found none, then there they were,
under the dirt. \7e found two or three sugar barrels fuli. Tar was on a few of
the pipes, from road tar that was also storedin the basementand spilled". (This
tar, in hard-driedrough spots, is present on some of the pipes we examined;
however it chips offreadily and leavesrhe pipe relativelyciean).
So the colored woman who couldn't find a Pamplin pipe to buy received
"either 15 or 16" and Miss Thornton receiveda letter of thanks from her from
Atlanta.
Miss Thornton still had approximately 1,410of the home manufactured
pipes for us to seewhen we visited her in July 1969,and Mrs. Mattox had a
few.
Dr. Clyde G. O'Brien of Appomattox has had a lifelong interestin the clay
pipes of his zrea and in the history of their manufacture.He has a collection of
pipes as well as rwo pipe molds, and has given us much information.
H O M E I N D U S T R Y P I P EM A K I N G M E T H O D S
\We asked Dr. O'Brien for an account of the method of making pipes in
the homes.The following is his contribution, in a letter dated March tr, L971,.
"I talked to Jack Price, age 86, he had worked in the plant for years.His
mother, Mrs. Betty Price, and grandmother made pipes at home in Pamplin.
"The clay was made up and pur into molds, when the pipe was removed
from the mold the shaperwas used to smooth mold marks, if the pipe was to
be identified with 'Original', 'Hayiti', or some other marking this was impressed

on the basewith a stamp at this time. The pipe was then sun-dried on a board
'set-up' the pipes
in summer, or in the stove oven in winter. Then after they had
were pur into an iron pot, the pots were put into an oven in the back yard and
dry chestnut wood was placed around the pots and this was then set on fire.
They did not have z thermometer so he did not know the temperature,but
when the wood had burned completely the pipes were brought out to cool.
"If a piece of wood fell into the burning pot and started to smoke it was
removed at once to keep from blackening or staining the pipes.
"After the pipes cooled they were brought into the house and Mr. Price
said that when the pipes were poured out of the pot in which they were baked,
to the floor, they would ring or chime when they hit against each other.
"The pipes were then waxed with bee's wax and mutton tallow and then
polished with a woolen cloth, and the children helped."
In all of this, Bob Davis of Pamplin, age9r, in talking to John \7. \Talker in
L962,had concurred.He said,"The pipes were molded, trimmed, put on a board
and dried in the sun,bakedin iron pots, waxed, and rubbed.The pipeswere made
all through the country, the local storesbought and shipped them, and the
Factory would buy these 'country pipes'." Here was more direct evidencethat
the Factorl, ori occasionat least, bought and shipped pipes made by the Home
Industry (tValker, personalcommunication).
There were, however, two men who made pipes.
Dr. O'Brien's father Thomas O'Brien, was born in I84). When he came
back after the N(/ar,about L865,he made his own mold of white-oak with lead
lining and made pipes for his own use.
According to Miss \Wilsie Thornton, a Mr. Rodgers was making molds and
pipes until about 79)B as a hobby. One of them was in the form of an Indian
head (Plate 23 AL). The "peach seed" pipe (Plate 23 AM) is also thought to
be one of his manufacture.
TH E P A M P T I N S M O KIN G P IPEA N D M AN U F A CTU R IN G C OMP A N Y
In the middle 18)0's that part of Ohio that surroundsAkron was the pipe-
making capital of the United States,with at least six clay products companies
producing them (Blair, 7961:2630). The leading producer of clay smoking pipes
in the Akron vicinity was the E. H. Merrill Co., which had beenproducingpottery
objectssinceits founding in 1831.ln 1843or 7844Calvin, brother of E. H. Merrill,
invented a machine for making pipes which gready increasedthe output of the
company and gave quite an advantageover its competitors (Blair, t965:3).
The Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company, Inc., was estab-
lished by the Akron Smoking Pipe Company of Akron, Ohio, when they built
the plant at Pamplin.
That the clay in Appomattox County was well suited to pipe manufacture
was well known. The establishmentof this plant was no doubt the result of the
Company'srealizationof the availabiiity of the fine red clay from which the local
women were producing pipes, a clay that could be used without even sifting.
\fhen the Pamplin Factory was establishedis quite uncertain. Examination
of the microfilm of newspapersof the area that were availablefrom the Virginia
State Libnry, beginning February 3, 1869 through December 2t, 1996,gave no
clue to the date of the establishment of the Pamplin FactorI, rior did county
records,probably due ro the fire of tg9z.
Sometime imrnediately
prior to 1880 Villian Merrill of Akron, Ohio, undoubtedly
a ntemberof the pipe making family, establisheda pipe making factory at Pamplin,
(Omwake,1967:23). Our Pamplin informants were of the opinion that the Ak-
ron plant was devoted to the manufacture of drain tile after the pipe machinery
was moved to Pamplin.
Bob Davis of Pamplin, born I87I, in an interview withJohn \7. \Talker in
Septembe r I)62, said,"I was a kid when the factory came in". Timewise this
would be in generalagreementwith Omwake's estimatefor the date of the es-
tabiishment of the factory at Pamplin.
That Pamplin pipes were also 4vailable from Akron in 1893 is evidencedby
a letterheadof the Akron Smoking Pipe Comp^ny, datedJune 26, 1893,show-
ing examplesof two clay pipes similar to Plate 22 AF & AG, (Blair, 1965:36).
A communication from the Summit County Historical Societyreporrs,"The
Akron Smoking Pipe Co. is recorded as being in businessfrom 1891 to I89t,
and were manufacturersof stone, Powhatan CIay, and corn cob tobacco pipes.
Daily c^pa.crty100,000pipes. General offices,Akron, Ohio. Factories,Pamplin
City, Virginia; Mogadore, Ohio."
Statementsin company htenture are also confusing. In aleaflet which car-
ries a testimonial for their pipes, dated April 28, r94I and price lists "effective
November 15,I94L", the statement is made,from carefu/searchof the records, tbis
factory started moretltan 200 years dgl . . . the presentp/ant has beenin operationfor
44 years.Skilkd American labor is usedin a modern,day-lit plant with specialattren-
tion to cleanliness,
sanitation,and ideal working conditions(Plate 8).
This would give a date for the "present plant" of t897, but it also suggests
that an earlierplant had been rebuilt or replaced.(An undatedand unidentified
news clipping does state that at some time the pipe plant had burned). Com-
pany literaturealso states,"Established1739" (Plate 8). This obviouslycannor
refer to the estabiishmentof the plant, nor even to the mother plant at Akron,
sincepottery was first producedin Summit Counry, Ohio, in i828 (Blair, 1965:2).
The Company may simply have been employing "poer's license" and appropri-
ated a date which they felt representativeof the start of the Home Pipe Making
Industry in the Pamplin area.
The Tirnes-Virginianof Appomattox, date unknown, carried a news article,
Pamplin Clay PtpePlant oncetermedlargat in the World. The Farmuille Herald of
March 29, r93t stated, , ..the output of the Clay PipeFactoryat Parnplinis 1,000,000
a rnuntb, uhen it is running fult tirne. In the rlrter of businasa in Virginia, this fac-
tory is mentionedas the largat claypipe factorT in the United States,and v far as is
known, in the world,
At one point in the history of the plant, pipes were sold to England as well
as some other countriesin Europe.
Also vague has been the terminal date of the Pamplin Company; it is vari-
ously given locally as L948to 1951.
There is a contemporary news article on the fzuory published in the Rich-
mond Tima-Dispatch, Aprll 2I,7946. A History of Appomattox, Virginia, published
Ig48,states, The Akron Pipe Factory 0"fPamplin holds the title of manufacturing the
f.nestclaysmokingpipain the world, knownas the'Powhatan'(Featherstone,t948.44).
In a personaiietter to the writers,John C. Ewers said,"During my field
work on rhe Fort Peck Reservationin Montana, in 79)3,I first learnedof the
Pamplin clay pipes. One of my Indian informants told me about selling them
when he was working at a uading post on the reservationduring the first decade
of the presentcentury. . .
"Later I visited the trading post at Oswego on the Fort Peck Reservation.
There the proprietor showed me the illustrated price list of the Pamplin Smok-
ing Pipe and Manufacuring Company, Inc. He showed me the only type of pipe
he still had in stock-the'Century of Progress',ChicagotyPe (Plate23 AJ).He
said the manufacturerwrote him in 1951 that he planned to go back into the
manufactureof the other styles,which the Assiniboinepreferred".
The Tomahawk pipe was a good specialtyitem for sale at such events as
fairs and expositions,and the Company's salesto the "Century of Progress"in
Chicagoin 1933must have been excellent,even though they had not sold all
they had made in anticipationof that demand.The bowl, necessarily narrow and
s inc eit wasin th e b l a d e o f th e to ma h a w k , d i d not recommendi t to
el o n g a t ed
serioussmokers,nor to the Assiniboine.
It would seemevident that these pipes were left over from the production
of the Company tn L933,that their regular pipe models had by this time been
sold out, and that the Company was aheadyin a state of quiescencein 19tI.
Dr. Clyde G. O'Brien of Appomattox statedthat the Companyceasedoper-
ationsin 1951.
The Charter of the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company
shows that it was incorporatedby the Commonwealth of Virginia on the 15th
day of August, 1929.The officersat that time were,J. V. Lewis, Pres.,Prospect,
Virginia;J. \7. Franklin,V.Pres.,Pamplin; L. N. Ligon, V.Pres.,Pamplin; T. R.
Pugh, Secy-Treas., Pamplin.
The purposesof the Company then were, among other things, to deal in
wood of all kinds, own timber lands, contract to do constructionwork, deal in
real estate., and to buy and sell all kinds of necessary material...and operateall the
necersar)) equipmentand rnachineryfor the purpose of manufacturing claypipa, crocks,
10
and earthenuare. . .", (Charter Book No. 1, Page 108, Appomattox County, Vir-
ginia). The corporation (Charter No. 3456t-16)was dissolvedby the StateCor-
poration Commission,at the request of the stockholders,on February21, I9)2.
A personalcommunication,February23,7972, from Morton L. \Tallerstein
who with Ralph L. Dombrower as corporate officers were the last active oper-
ators of the pipe factory,states,"Mr. Dombrower and myself, as sole stockhold-
ers, started the operation in 1938 and baked the clay pipes up to the time of the
enactment of the Minimum -J7ageLaw by Congress.At that time it was appar-
ent that the part-time workers, largely farm girls and boys who worked in the
afternoon, would ceaseto be employed becausethe pipes could not be marketed
under the wages required to be paid.
"However, Mrs. Betty Price and another wornan made rhe hand-madeclay
pipes at their homes, which pipes Mr. Dombrower bought after 1938 and very
cleverly boxed in antique fashion and sold them for some years.However, un-
fortunately the women who made these pipes died and they were no longer
made.
"The factory, itself, did not m4nufacturepipes beyond the period stated
above.The property was sold in 1947 and the corporation was dissolvedin 1952."
Apparently then, the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company
ceasedali activity in l9JI, having been in existenceslightly more than 70 years.
Some time after the closing, the main factory building was used ^s a g r^ge.
In July of t969 this frame building, with the name "Pamplin Smoking Pipe and
Manufacturing Co., Inc., American Indian Clay Smoking Pipes".srill painted
above the entrance,stood unoccupied; the crumbling old smokestackand large
round kiln of brick constructionwere still there (Plates4 &5). Another build-
ing which had servedCompany purposeshad been destroyed.
FACTORYMACHINERY
The machineryto mold smoking pipes and bottles was invented by Caivin
Merrill of the E. H. Merrill Pottery, Summit Counry, Ohio, in 1843 (Blair,
J.
1965:3).
The pipe machinewas simple: the individual metai molds in the foot pow-
ered mechanismcould be changed to vary the pipe form. The whole was con-
tained in a simple wooden bench (Plate 6). Miss \Wilsie Thornton felt that a
man working such a machine could produce thousandsof pipes per day. It is
unknown how many such machines were used by the factorl, nor how many
people were employed since ideas of our informants varied; however, the best
estimate seemsto be 8 to 10 machines,with employeesvarying from 70 to 40,
depending upon the pressof work and the rush of orders ^t ^ny given time.
Bob Davis of Pamplin, in the interview with John W. \Talker said, "Old
man Taz Harvey made the Powhatan mold. He had a shop and made many
molds".

FA C T OR Y F IR IN G AN D GT A ZIN G
The pipes were packed in round stoneware crocks or saggersmade from
fireclay, and the saggerswere stacked alternately around the kiln. The saggers
were some eight inches high and 16 to 18 inches in diameter (Plate 7). There
was an opening in the top of the kiln through which, in giazing, salt was put
when the pipes were hot. They were fired some 24 or 48 hours (Miss Thornton's
statement).
Mrs. Maddox said:"As a child I used to go with a colored man who worked
with us and also for the fectory, and watch him throw salt down a hole in the
top of the kiln on the pipes to make a glaze."
At a high temperaturethe salt vaporized and combined with the silica in
the body of the clay to form a glassy or 'silicate glaze'.The kiln was fired 32 to
36 hours before maximum temperaturewas reached;it was cooled the sameperi-
od to prevent crazing(minute cracking) of the glaze(Blair, L96;D). This de-
scription of glaztng refers to stoneware in the mid-nineteenth century potteries
near Akron, Ohio. However since the Pamplin kiln was the samesort of "walk-
in" kiln, the detail would fit, and it is substantiatedby Miss Thornton's srate-
ment of firing time.
From the scarcityof glazedpipes among the many that we examined,we
concludethat the majority were finished without glazing.
R E E DS T E M S
The stemssold with the factory pipes were made from switch caneArundin-
ara gigantea known locally as reed and once abundant in the Great l)ismal
Swamp in southeasternVirginia (R. H. N7oodling to Chas. H. Meadows,May
Ir,1969). (The stems used with the pipes made by the Home Industry usually
came from the same source.)
The reedswere cut rn 12 foot lengths by men in boats, allowed to dry for
six months, cut in lengths and reamed out. Some \ rere put in a machine and
bent (Miss Thornton, Dr. OlBrien).
Cork plugs or washerswere used in the baseof the pipes to hold the stem
in place.Some were stili in place in pipes we examined.A plug mill, a high
pressuremachine,extruded the cork plugs which were cut off by wire (Heite).
(Replacementreed stems for cLay,hickory, or corn cob pipes, retailed in the
grocery storesin Lexington, Missouri, for 100 per dozen about 1916).
PIPESMADE BY THE FACTORY
A number of people and institutions with varying numbers of Pamplin Fac-
tory pipes in their possessionhave given us an opportunity to examine them.
The largest number of specimenswere in the hands of the following.
Our attention was first called to these pipes in i968 at the Craft Club in
L2
Arrow Rock, Missouri, where some of them appearedfor sale as an unusual
item. They obviously had been underground, for the bowls and baseswere still
filled with earth containingnumerousrootlets growing through the pipe cavities.
It was learned that the pipes had been supplied by Francis B. Fitzgerald,
Suffolk,Virginia; David I. Dautenhahn, Marshall, Missouri, put us in touch
with him. As a youngster, Fitzgenld had on various occasionsvisited his grand-
father's farm, which was near the Pamplin Factorl, and had played in the water
of a littie creek on pipe plant property. In so doing, he discoveredthat there
were numerous clay pipes in a bank which apparently had been placed in the
creek to form a dam. (The dam was probably for the purpose of retaining water
to mix with the clay). He had hundreds of these pipes. Practicallynone would
seem to have been rejects-how or why they got into the dirt which was used
to make the fill is unknown. Through the years Fitzgerald had made a selection
of forms representativeof this group, all of which he made availableto us.
Sincethat time an owner of the pipe plant property had securedmany pipes,
later acquiredby the Appomattox National Historic Park. They were made avail-
able to us by Alford L. Rechtor, Superintendent.
The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission supplied photographs of
some Pamplin pipes, as well as photographs of a pipe mold and pipe maker's
bench (Plate 6) and saggers(Plate 7). We were granted the use of theseby Ed-
ward F. Heite and EdwardA. Chappeii of that instirution.
.Walker
John \7. of the National Park Service, who had worked in the area
and becomeinterestedin the pipes made there, provided us with a copy of his
fieid notes and some examplesof pipes.
John C. Ewersof the SmithsonianInstitution had visited Pamplin. He gave
us much information and showed us severalpipe forms from the area that are
in the collectionsof that institution.
Rex L. tJ(/ilson,National Park Service,loaned us a copy of his manuscript,
"Clay Tobacco Pipes from Fort Lzramie, Wyoming and Related Sites", in which
he identified some specimensas having come from Pamplin.
FACTORY PRICEIIST OF PIPESAND JOBBERSDISCOUNTS,A5 OF T941.
The Company'sprice list of November I94I listed "The Powhatan Ma-
chine Made", fitted with cork closuresand lO" reed stems,bowls trade-marked,
packed)0 to box, 2)S retailer.Price $6.00per box." (Plate 10).
Five other models were listed, "5 in. reed stems,packed 100 to box, 1l(
retailer.Price $l.oo per box." Two models were listed similarly, but 104 retailers,
price $2.;o per box. Two other 100 retailerswere listed at $z.lO per box, and
one model at $z.g: per box but the suggestedretail price was still 10( each.
One model, their "Ole Virginny Hamburg", was offered in finest fire-clay,
hard-burned,white, simulatesmeerschaum,aiso in red. Similar to "Ole Virginny
Shaker".It was a 10Sretailer,$2.70 per box of too. (It is of interest that this
L3
pip., listed elsewherein this same price list, but as "Ole Virginny Shakerof 17 N. Factory 1 22 AH. Factory 1
Virginia red clay, a heavier stone pipe", was priced as a 150 retailer and $e.oo 17 0. Factory 1 22 AI. Factory 2
per box). (Plate 10). 17 P. Both Many 23 AJ. Factory 1
18 Q. Both Many 23 AK. Factory 1
Jobbers discountswere offered."10 to 20 boxes, 2O%,a;ndgoing upby 5/o 18R. Home 10 23 AL. Surface 1
stagesto "101 to 500 boxes,35% discount"."NTe make many other stylesof
18 S. Both Many 23 AM. Home 2
Indian Clay and StonePipes,. . .we can make any style of pipe that can be made 19 T. Home L4
of cIay.Our own designersand artists afe at your sefvice" (Plate 11).
In the last yearsof Factory operation their salescarried an identification tag,
"This Is An 'Original' Powhatan Pipe", and it was being made by the last two TABLE NO. 2
women of the Pamplin areawho were still making pipes at their homes (Plate
L2). Identifications Appearing On Certain Pamplin pipes.

P A M P L I N A R E A P I P EF O R M S
Plate: Source of Pipe. Designation. Lettering.
The pipes are illustrated natural size.The largest and the smallestpipe of
each form avilIablreto us aie shown. In many instancesthis differencein size 13 A. Both Original Impressed
is not greal; however, it does illustrate that minor variations often existed in 13 B. Home Original Impressed
I7 M. -
Both Original or Impressed
different molds for the same pipe form. The diameters for the stem openings
Florence
have not been included since they have proved useful only in considerationof 18 a. Both Hayiti Impressed
the eariier integrai-stemclays,and not for considerationof the "short-base"pipes 18 R. Home Genuine Impressed
of the type and time included in this report (\7ilson, L97L:2). 19 V. I'actory 11n Raised
20 z. Factory Catlins Raised
20 AA. Factory 103 Raised
TABLE NO. 1.
2I AC. Home Original impressed
21 AD. F actory Powhatan Impressed
Sourcesof Pipes, and Relative Numbers Available for Bxamination.

Total number of pipes inspected - 41457, Plate 13 l, Slightly Acute Angle. Made both in the factory and in the home.
Many examples.All are a deep, dark, glossy red, except 9 pipes which were a
light brown. Plain round bowl, octagonalbase.It was made in at least 12 slight-
Plate. Source. Number Plate. Source Number of ly varying sizes,there being that many vaiations between the large and the
Examples. Examples.
small pipe iliustrated.This was the Pamplin Company's "Original" Powhatan,
13 A.
and it was no doubt one of the Company'sleadersin producrion and sales.The
Both Many L9 U Home 2
13 B. Home 2 19 V. Factory 1 word "ORIGINAL" is impressedin the right side of eachbase,with the excep-
13 C. Home 11 19 W. Surface 1 tion of one single pipe, and the lettering appearsin at least three different sizes,
1 " 4D . Home 4 20 X. Factory 1 there being no correlation between the letter size and pipe size.This is a sturdily
14 E. Home Many 20 Y. Both 2 made pipe.
14 F. Both Many 20 Z. Factory 4 The ComPany emphasizedin its publicity that the Indians had originally
15 c. Factory Many 20 AA- Factory 4 demonstratedto the early settlers the method of making the Powhatan and so
15 H. Home 3 21 AB. Factory 1 had enabled them to make this exact form, thereby inferring that this model
15 I, Factory Many 2L AC. Home 1
16 J.
should have been of particular interest and worth. No doubt at some time and
Factory Many 2l AD. Factory I
r.6K. Both Many 21 AE. Factory 1 place in our history a happening of this nature may have occurred. However,
16 L. Factory Many 22 AF. Factory 2 the Powhatan is a usuai form which has been found in aboriginal sites,with
17 M. Both 37 22 AG, Factory t- some modifications and of varying materials,over a wide area.

1,1
L''l
1t
 Many of these pipes appeared,both from the factory site and among those
made by local women and retrieved from the basementof the Thornton General
Store. Mrs. Betty Price said that this form was a standardproduct of the local
Home Industry pipe makers before the factory ever came to Pamplin and one of
the earliestmade in the area.All of the pipes availableto us carried the designa-
tion "Ori ginal" excePtone.
The making of clay pipes was an old and well establishedbusinesszt Pam-
plin; whether the impressingof the word ORIGINAL on the baseof this pipe
was an innovation of the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Companf ,
or whether this had been long done by the Home Industry is unknown.
Plate 13 B. Slightly Acute Angle. Home. 2 examples.Dark red. Piain round
bowl, octagonalbase.Quite similar to "A" except both bowl and baseare short-
er, and diameter of bowl proportionally larger. "ORIGINAL" is impressedon
right side of base.A very sturdy PiPe.
Plate t3 C, Slightly Acute Angle. Home. 11 examples.Glossy dark red.
Round bowl, octagonalbase.Upper part of bowi plain, lower front portion dec-
orated with a seriesof raised dots. The dotted area is divided into two triangles,
as well as separatedfrom the undecoratedxea by raisedand rounded bands.The
mold marks in the undecoratedareahave been almost entirely smoothed. It
would seemthat all pipes of this form came from the samemold, in contrastto
the fact that at leasrmost other Pamplin pipe forms seem to have come from a
number of different molds.
((C"
The two pipe forms and "B" are quite similar, excePtthat "C" has
decorationas well as a slightiy longer base,and is not marked "Original" Both
are sturdily built, with thicker than averagebowl walls, and both were retrieved
from the Thornton Store site; no exampleswere found at the factory site. They
are probably the product of the same individual woman working at her home.
Plate 14 D, Slightly Acute Angie. Home. 4 examples.This is a black PiPe.
The deep,solid color was probably intentionally achievedby allowing Portions
of the burning wood of the kiin to fall into the iron kettles which were used
as saggersfor the firing of pipes in the Home Industry. The bowl and baseare
round, with diagonalcross-hatched decorationon bowl, separatedfrom the same
decorationon remainderof base by a narrow rounded band. Flat band at both
top of bowl and end of base.The right and left haivesof the pipe are separated
from each other, front and back, by a broad smooth ridge covering the mold
mark.
Plan 14 E. Slighdy Acute Angle. Home. Many examples.Bright red. Bowl
and basedecorationsimilar to "D", but this form is somewhat smaller than
"D". Double band at both top of bowl and end of base,the outsideband broad
and flat. the inside band narrow and rounded. Only slight variations in size.
Plate 14 F. Right Angle. Both. Many examples.Dull red. The Company
called this their "Akron Hamburg". The diagonally cross-hatched bowl decora-
1 /
lo
tion is separatedfrom the diagonal line basedecoration by a rounded band. Dou-
ble band at both top of bowl and end of base,the outside band broad and flat,
the inside band narrow and rounded. The right and left halves of the pipe are
divided from each other, front and back, by a broad smooth ridge covering the
mold mark. Only slight variations in size.
Plate 15 G, Right Angle. Factory. Many exampies. Dull red. Diagonal line
decorationon bowl runs at right angles ro that on base.Double band at top of
bowl and stem end of base,outside band flat, inside band narrower and rounded.
The right and left halves of the pipe are divided from each other, front and
back, by a broad smooth ridge which covers the mold mark. Two slightly differ-
ent sizes.
Plate 15 H. Acute Angle. Home. 3 examples. Dull, dark red. Spiral decora-
tion on bowl, plain hexagonalbase.Double band ar top of bowl, upper flat,
lower rounded. Large rounded band at end of base.
Plate 15 /, Right Angle. Factory. Many examples.Dull, dark red; a few arc
light brown. The Company cailed this model their "Ole Virginny Shaker".
Grooves of decorationrun vertically on bowl and curve toward the bottom to
stoP at a rounded band, then continue horizontally to srem end of base.Double
band at toP of bowl, upper flat, lower rounded. Double band at stem end of
base,inside band rounded;the outside band may be either rounded or flat; rf flat,
the end of baseis noticeablyswelled.Five slightly varying sizes.
Plate 16J, Sharply acute Angle. Factory. Many examples. Dark red. Broad
grooves of decorationrun from top of bowl and curve toward bottom ro con-
tinue to stem end of base,or curve back around bowl. Double band at top of
bowl, uPPerflat, lower rounded. Prominent rounded sweli at stem end of base.
At least 4 different sizes.
Plate 16K. Acute Angle. Both. Many examples. Dull red to dark brown.
'J" in form and decoration
Quite similar to excepr that lines of decorationare
mofe nafrow and the bowl does not set at such an acure angle to base.Only
slight variationsin size.
Plate 16 L' Obtuse Angle. Factory.Many examples.Dark red to brown.
Round undecoratedbowl and round tapering base.These pipes are somewhat
similar to eady stemmedclay imports except that the baseis cut off rather shon,
to form a flat vertical face,instead of terminating in a stem which was an integral
part of the bowl and base.The opening in the end of the baseis quite small and
does not have the usuai taper. A11of the pipes of this form are nearly identical
in size.
Plate 17 lvI. Acute Angie. Both Home and Factory products,3T examples.
Bright, light red. Plain round bowl, hexagonalbaseexpanding to a b,'tt-shaped
swell at stem end of base.The flat bottom extendsaround and under the bowl.
"ORIGINAL" is impressedin the right side of base of some examplesand
"FLORENCE" in orhers,while some have no wording. The factory examples
that we saw were marked either "ORIGINAL" or "FLORENCE",.as were some
of those of home manufacture;however, 16 pipes of home manufacturehad no
wording. At least three sizesare represented.
Plate 17 N, Acure Angle. Factory.One Exampie. Dull, dark red. Similar to
"M" except heavy rounded band of beading around near toP of bowl, no word-
ing. Hexagonal baseexpandsto a bell-shapedswell at stem end. Mold marks
^r. -or. distinct.
Plate 17 O, Acute Angle. Factory.One example. Dull, dark red. Plain octa-
gonal bowi, with planescontinuing along base to large rounded swell at stem
end. From deep in the dam at factory site.
Plate 17 P, Obtuse Angle. Both Home and Factory.Many examples.Duil,
dark red or brown. Octagonal bowl and base. No decoration. Baseexpands
slightly towards stem end. Relatively small piPe, three slightly varying sizes.
-
Plate18 Q.Obruse Angle. Both Home and Factory.Many examples.Glossy,
light red to deep red. Plain round bowl and base:the baseterminatesin rounded
and swelled end. "Hayiti" impressedon right side of base.At least three sizes
of lettering. A few of these pipes are right angled. A similar PiPe,excePt that it
had one small rounded band of beading nea,rthe top of bowl, the Company
called their "Powow Smooth Shaker".
Plate18 R, Very Acute Angle. Home. 10 examples.Dark, glossy red. "Gen-
uine" is impressedon the right side of base,excePtone examplewhich had no
lettering. Piain round bowl and base,tetminating in rounded and swelled base
end. Atl apparentlyfrom samemold except one which was not marked "Genuine",
Ptate-Is.!. Acute Angle. Both Home and Factory.Many examples.Glossy,
dark red. Plain hexagonalbowl which expandstowards the bottom. Plain, slim
round basetapering towards stem end. These pipes usually c^rry a high glossy
finish. Two slightly different sizes.
Plate 19 7. Slightly Acute Angle. Home. Fourteen examPles.Uniform iight
tan color. Undecoratedround bowl and base.Bowl taPersuniformly from top to
bottom and baseexpandsuniformly to stem end. Two slightly varying sizes.No
mold marks,but some evidenceof smoothing'
Platet9 U, Right Angle. Home. Two examples.Uniform, light pinkish tan
color. Quite similar to "T" except bowl diameter is slightly larger and does not
have the exffeme taper,but rounds towards the base.Two slightly varying sizes.
Probably madeof the sameclay by the sameperson who made "T". No evidence
of mold marks,but someevidenceof smoothing'
Plate19V, Acute Angle. Factory.One example.Dull red. Round bowl and
base.Two bandsof rounded beading encirclemid-portion of bowl, baseexpands
towards stem end. "117" in raised figures appearson the left side of the base
near stem end.
Plate t9 IZ. Right Angle (A Surfacefind). One example. Dull red. Except
for its angle, this pipe is quite similar to "V" with its two bands of rounded
beadingencirclingthe bowl.
l8
Plate 20 X. Slighdy Acute Angle. Factory. One example. Salmon pink color.
Ten-sided bowl and base.A rounded band of beading is near the top of bowl,
the baseend is simply cut off flat.
Plate20 Y. Acute Angle. Both Home and Factory.Two examples.The bowl is
decoratedby narrow upright grooves and ridges which extend from the baseup to
and lightly acrossa rounded band which encirclesthe bowl near its top. The
hexagonal baseflares somewhat toward the stem end. This the Company called
"\figwam Shaker".
Plate 20 Z, Acute Angle. Factory. Four examples.Color ranges from pale
red to light orange, though rwo ^re yery dark, probably from having iain long in
the stream bed. The round bowl is encircied by a band of rounded beading near
the top. Below this, on each side of the bowl, appears"CATLINS". The base
is hexagonal and its planes merge into the lower portions of the round bowl.
The top plane of the baseseemsto be divided into two narrower planeswhich
give the base a seven-side d appearance;this howeve; is probably due to lack of
trimming of the mold mark. The baseterminatesin a Largerounded stem end.
This was probably a specialtypipe, and apparently all the pipes of this form had
these characteristics.
Plate20 AA, Acute Angle. Factory.Four examples.Color rangesfrom pale
red to light orange to medium red. The 14 upright panels which constitute
the bowl, with its two encircling rounded bands near the top, give the effect of
a wooden bucket whose stavesare held by hoops. The raisednumber "103" ap-'
pearson the flat bottom. In one example a metal ferrule, apparentlyof brass,is
still in placearound the stem end of base.Other examplesof this pipe no long-
er retain the ferrule; however, the discoloredpattern of the ferrule was present
to show that each had originally had one in place.All pipes of this form seem
identical and evidently came from the same mold.
Plate21 AB. F.ight Angle. Factory. One example. Dark Red. Round undec-
orated bowl and base.Stem end of basehas an inside taper to hold a small reed
stem.
Plate21 AC, Slight Obtuse Angle. Home. One example.Glossy, dark red.
Similar to "AB" except the angle of bowl and "ORIGINAL" is impressedon
the right side of the longer base.
Plate 21 AD, Obtuse Angle. Factory. One example. The plain bowl and
base have a uniform high glossy red finish. "PO\trHATAN" is impressedon
the right side of base.The stem end of basehas been broken off, and it is pos-
sible that this baseterminated in a clay stem which was an integral part of the
pipe. In that event it would have followed the pattern of some of the old white
clay imports. There are no spurs or projections of any nature at the bottom of
the bowl.
Plate21 AE. Probably Obtuse Angle. Factory.One example.Glossy medi-
um red. This is a form similar to some early white ciay imports. \While the only
T9
example available to us was badly broken, it seemsto have its own integral clay
stem, and it definitely has one spur below the bowl.
Roll of Fired Clay, A porion of a roll of fired clay was found in the fill on
the Factory site, It evidently had been prepared for molding, and some clay had
been broken from each end. It could have been a test firing of the clay, or the
piecemay haveunintentionallygotten into the kiln.
Plate 22 AF, Right Angle. Factory. Two examples. Colors are light orange
and red. A flat band encirclesthe top of the bowl, and below this is a more nar-
row rounded band, whose lower edge is here and there lightly cut in line with
the groovesbelow. The vertical grooves of decorationon the bowl continue, or
merge with a lessernumber of horizontal grooves and ridges which run to the
stem end of the base.These grooves, in part at least, extend over the large
rounded swell at stem end of base.These two pipes illustrate the minor differ-
encesthat mty exist in different molds usedin making the samebasicpipe form.
'This
and the following three pipe forms seem to representa transition from
the earlier,rather heavy,sturdy and relatively thick side-walledclay pipes, to a
pipe lighter in weight, which is more representativeof the form in use by what
might be consideredthe last generarion of regular clay pipe smokers.
Plate22 AG. AcuteAngle. Factory.One example.Color is gray. This piecewas
among the eight pipe sherds,still sufficiently intact to give an indication of the
original pipe form from which they had come, that were picked up by us on the
driveway of the Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company in July
1969.Some were heavrly glazedand of a different characterfrom the pipes dealt
with up to this point, and seem to have come from pipes resulting from the
changein style mentionedunder "AF".
This pipe fragmenthas some characteristics similar to "AF". The bowl dec-
otation towardsthe top is unknown, but vertical lines of decorationoccupy the
bowl, and only those on the front of the bowl continue along the base;those
on the sidesterminateupon joining the front lines. The stem end of the base
is also somewhatdifferent,being decoratedby a rounded and finaliy a flat band.
This sherd carriesa moderatelyheavy glue and it is the first pipe form pre-
sentedwhich actuallyshows evidenceof a salt gIaze.
Plate 22 AH. Right Angle. Factory. One example. Color pale yellow to
light brown. Round bowl and base,double rounded band of beading around top
of bowl and stem end of base.Bowl decoratedwith raiseddots in cross-hatched
Pattern.Spiral decorationon base.Prominent mold marks, thin sidewalls.Heav-
iIy glazed.
Plate22 AL Right Angle. Factory. Two examples. Color rangesfrom deep
red through light orange to yellow. This lighter pipe with thin sidewalls has
two narrow rounded bands encircling the top of bowl, which is otherwise plain.
A large rounded band is at stem end of base.These pipes are well glazed.
Plate 23 AJ, Right Angle. Factory. One example. Dark Red. This is a ver-
sion of the Company'snovelty "Tomahawk Pipe", decoratedto order for special
20
occasions.The pipe illustrated was made specificallyfor sale at the Chicago
NTorld's Fair and has "Century of Progress,Chicago" in raised letters on the left
side. "1833-(likeness of an Indian)-7933" is on the right side of bowl.
Plate23 r4K. Right Angle. Factory. One example. Color light tan. This was
the Company's standardnovelty pipe, recommendedfor all occasions,and it was
shapedlike a tomahawk. A likeness of \Tashington appearson the right side of
the bowl, with the name "\Tashington" in raised letters above. On the left side
is the likenessof an Indian wearing a Plains headdress,and above it in raised
letters is the narne "Powhatan". A wide flat band encirclesthe stem end of base.
The Pamplin Company's literature stated, Tontahawk Pipe-I'{ouelty, molded
hand engraaed brassdie, of clay, hard-burned and glazed, An atnactiae
front. f,nut
iternfor carniua/s,conaentions,fairs, etc.Packed200 to a box with 5" reedstems.Price
#ll.SOper box,This pipe was a regular salesitem for festiveoccasions(Platerr).
Plate23 AL, Right Angle. (A surfacefind). One example.Deep red. Most
Pamplin pipes of home manufacture were made by women; however, Miss rVil-
sie Thornton and Dr. C. G. O'Brien said that a Mr. Rodgers,abour 1938,made
pipe molds and pipes of unusual .form as a hobby. Miss Thornton mentioned
two forms that he made-an Indian Head, and a \7oman's Leg, the calf being
the bowl and the foot being the base,with the toes at the stem end of base.
This pipe is creditedlocally as being of his manufacture.
Plate23 AIvL Right Angle. Home. Two examples.Deep glossy red. The
decorationon the lower portion of the round and expanding bowi reminds one
somewhat of a peach seed;this decoration is separatedfrom rhe upper part of
the plain upper bowl by a rounded band. The baseis undecorated,and termin-
ates in a smooth enlargedstem end. The secondpipe of this form was a surface
find.
If the Factory had Nos. 703 and 117 how mzny more numbers may rhey
have had?
Impressedidentifications,usually put on the baseof the pipe with a stamp
after the pipe came from the mold, appearon pipes from both the Homes and
from the Factory.It is of interest that apparentlyidentificationsin raisedletter-
ing came only from the Factory.
coNctusloNs
In the beginning of this effort we had assumedthat the pipes made by the
Factory would be quite different, in both form and decoration, from those made
in the homes.S7e have found that this assumprionis not valid.
There is a great deal of ovedapping, probably due to the Factory,after its
arrlaI in Pamplin, taking over and producing a number of the shapesand de-
signs that had iong been in use in the Home Industry. It is also possible that
the Home Industry appropriatedsome of the Factory pipe forms.
In addition, all local evidenceagreesthat the Thornton Store did not pur-
2I
chasepipes from the Factor/i they were getting pienty themselves,taken in trade
for their merchandise,and which they would have to disposeof on the whole-
sale market in competition with the Factory.
There is locai evidencethat the Factory did, at times, buy locally made pipes
in order to fill large orders, as well as when their machinery was not in opera-
tion. It is quite unlikely however, after buying and paying for them, that these
pipes wouid be found in the landfili on the Factory grounds, the fill from which
the "factory" pipes consideredin this study came.
Of the totai of 39 pipe forms located by us, 10 were from Home Industry,
i9 from the Factory, (eight appearedin both), and two were either surfacefinds
or rhe knowledge of their exact place of manufacturelost, as they had long
been in the hands of their local Pamplin area owners.
The Akron Company had made pipes before they establishedthe pipe piant
at Pamplin, and the names of some of their pipes in the Pamplin literature
would infer that at least one form, the "Akron Hamburg", had been carried
from Akon to Pamplin, which then is describedas "from Virginia clzy, attrac-
tive red color".
On the other hand, Mrs. Betty Price has been quoted as saying that the
pipe form known as "Hamburg" was one of the first made by the women of the
area.
For a time in later years,at least by 194r, the Pamplin Factorymade a pipe
similar in form and decorationto their "Akron Hamburg", but of fire clay, and
called it "Akron Shaker".
Sincethere is so much overlapping of form and decorationbetween the
pipes made in the homes and those made by the Company, one wonders if there
might not have been even more overlapping had the sample availableto us at
this late date been greaterthan the 4,4tL pipes examined.
It is our conclusionthat when the Akron Company came to Pamplin they
startedto producepipes of a number of forms that had long been made by the
Home Industry of the Pamplin area.They m^y also have brought one or more
Akron pipe forms and decorationswith them, to be manufacturedat Pamplin.
In turn the Pamplin Home Industry possiblyadopted some forms now being
producedby the Company. (Some of these forms may also have been in pro-
duction in other ^re^s,but probably of different clay).
The foremosrfactor distinguishing Pamplin ar€a pipes, from either manu-
facturing source,was the "Virginia clay,of attractivered color".
So far as we have been able to determine,no particular friction ever devel-
oped berweenthe Factoryand the industry being carriedon at the homes; each
had its own wholesaleoutlets.
To the best of our knowledge, the Home Industry startedabout 1740a.nd
definitelyclosedin l%3.
The Pamplin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Company was established
about 1878,and it definitely closedin 1951.
22
In our work we have handled literally hundreds of the pipes, Plate A,
called "Powhatan Original" in the Company's literature and advertising.These
had been excavatedboth from the factory grounds and from the basementof the
oid Thornton Store, and we found nothing about these two iots of pipes that
would seem to distinguish the two manufacturing sources.Of the total, only
one single pipe failed to czrry the word "Original" impressedin the base.
This "Ori ginaI" was an early Home Industry form, and there is strong evi-
dence that when the Company came to Pamplin they adopted this form, and
added "Powhatan" in their advertising,just as they must have adopted some
other locai pipe forms. "Original" was also impressed,but probably at a still
later date, on the baseof three other pipe forms; they were formS "8", "M",
and "AC".
\7e also believe that the Company made the best estimate as to the starting
date of the home pipemaking industry, (they would have had about a hundred
year tdvantage in arriving at such a date, as compared to the problem under
present circumstances),and applied that date to Pamplin Smoking Pipe and
ManufacturingCompanyas having,been"established\739". In other words, they
pictured themselvesas being a continuation of the industry that was aheady
there.
If the date of 1878,or one near that time, for the establishmentof the Pam-
plin Smoking Pipe and Manufacturing Co. is correct,then this is later than the
terminal date of som€ of the western forts and trading posts at which Pamplin'
pipes have been reported.It would thereforeseem evident thac the Pamplin
pipes found in some westernlocations were the result of Home Industry, made
before the pipe plant ever got to Pamplin. This is authenticatedby the fact that
they were being carriedby the Bertrand.
It would seemdesirable,instead of considering these pipes as Pamplin Com-
pany products,to simply think of them as Pamplin Area Pipes.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BLAIR, C. DEAN
1965 ThePotters and Potteriesof SurnmitCountL,1828-1915 The Srrmmit
CountyHistoricalSociety,Akron, Ohio
BRADSHA\r, HERBERTC.
1955 HistorVof PrinceEdwardCounty,Virginia Dietz Press,Inc. Richmond.
coTTER, JOHN L.
I9t8 ArchaeologicalExcaaations Virginia ArchaeologicalRe-
at Jamestoutn,
searchSeriesNo. 4, National ParkService,\Tashington.
coTTER, JOHN L. AND J. PAUL HUDSON
1957 I'JeuDiscoueries
at JarnestownNational Park Service-\Tashington.
CRESTHULL,PAUL
1969 "stylesof DetachableStemPipes"MarylandArchaeology Y:2.
E\rERS,JOHN C. STALKER,
JOHN \r.
L969 PersonalCommunication January27, Ig69 1962 Field Notes, on pamplin pipes, while engagedin Archaeological Re-
lglz PersonalCommunication January 19, 1972 searchAppomattox Courthouse.
FEATHERSTONE, NATHANIEL R. \7ILSON, REX t.
1948 The History 0f Apponattox County, Virginia. Appomattox American 196r "clay Pipes from Fort Laramie" Annals of wryorning33:2, L2o-L34
Legion Post 104,Appomattox Cheyenne.
FONTANA, BERNARD L., AND J. CAMERON GREENLEAF 1966 "Tobacco Pipesfrom Fort union, New Mexico" El palacio,T3: r.32-
1962 Johnny l{/ard's RanchThe Kiva,28:l-2, Tucson 40. SantaFe.
HEITE, ED\TARD F. L971 Clay TobaccoPtpesfrom Fort Laramie, National Historic Site and Related
1969' "Pipe Industry History Reflected in Tools" Quarterly Bulletin, Arch- Locations.Division of Archaeology and Anthropology, National park
aeologicalSocietyof Virginia 24:2,118-119. Service,\Washington.
19lt "Pipes from the Pamplin Factory in Appomattox County Virginia" \TOODLING, R. H.
Quarnrly Bulletin, Archaeological Society of Virginia 25:3, I9)-t96. 1'969 Communication to Chades H. Meadows, Appomattox Nationai His-
MARTIN, JOSEPH toric Park, May Ij, 1969
L835 Gazetteer of Virginia published by Joseph Martin, Charlottesville. STOOL\TORTH, ALLAN R. AND \7. RAYMOND \TOOD
MILLER, CARL F. r9(m "Archaeology at Kipp's Post" Riaer Basin SurueyspapersI,{0, 20,
1960 "ExcavationAnd Investigations of Fort Lookout Trading Post II in Bureauof American Ethnology, Bulletrn 176: 239-32I.STashington.
the Fort Randall Reservoir, South Dakota" Naer Basin SurueysPapers
I,{0,17, Bureauof American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 176,Nos. I:-20 Newspopers
PP49'sz' I93t FarrnailleHerald,Farmville, Ya. Mar. 29, t935.,pamplin pipe Factory',
OM\rAKE, H. GEIGER 1946 Tima-Dispatch,Richmond, Va. April 2r, 1946,,Indian pipes are Still
1967 "supplemental Report on Additional \fhite Clay Pipe Evidence Re-
Producedfrom Clay Found in Virginia,'.
coveredfrom the Buck Site Near Chestertown, Maryland" Bulletin
7965 Tima-Dispatch,F.ichmond, va. March 3r, r96J *pamplin pipes in
ArcbaeologicalSocietyof DelawareNos. 5 and 6, New Series,FalI t96l:
Smithsonian".
23- 30.
? Times-Dispatch,Richmond, va. March 30 ? "Historic pipes Shipped
PRUCI-IA, FRANCIS PAUL \ \7est From Virginia".
I9(A Guide to tbe MilitarT Postsof tbe U.S, State Historical Socie'tyof \7is-
7962 Times-virginian,Appomattox, va. "Ramblings About clay pipes,,
consin.I9(4.
Ocl 18.'62
SACKET, RICHARD
L943 "Historical Clay Pipes of the Minnesota Arez". Minnaota Archaeolo-
gist 9: 3,69-82.Minneapolis.
SMITH, G. HUBERT
I9(fla. "Fort Pierre II, an Historic Trading Post in the Oahe Dam Area,
South Dakota". Riaer Basin SuraeysPapersNa, l8 Bureau American
Ethnology,Bulletin 176,Nos. 15-20:83-1t8.
r960b. "Investigations at Fort Stevenson'2Riaer Basin SuraqsPapersNo. 19,
Bureauof Ametican Ethnoiogy, Bulletin 176, Nos. 15-20:ti9-238.
THOMPSON, ER\TIN T.
1965 Communication to John \7. \Valker, Jan.8, 1965
THOMPSON, \TILLIAM A., JR.
7969 "Pamplin Pipes" The Chesopiean 7:I.

24 )5
 lffibou'?ffF

Ploie 2. PomplinPipe,from the Bertrond,sunk in the MissouriRiver,

April |, | 865. Photos,RonoldR. switzer, BerrrondConservo
tion lqborolory, Nqtionql pqrk Service.

2 ri0L0 cLosEo 1 lsLD oPEX m Slfr wonKttlcs

. EOGEVIEW "

S,STElu
ToOL

P'PEMAKTR,S
TOOLSFROMAPrcI4ATTOXCOUMIYVIRGINIA
coMPostrE
DRAwll{G
DERrveD
FROMspEc[vrENs
ofvNED
By DR.c.G.
0,BR|EN
Plqte 3. Stencils on Box of Pomplin Pipes retrieved from the Bertrond.
COMMISS
IONARCH/TOLOGY
OFFICE The box lop corried the nqme qnd qddress of the consign-
ee. One end evidently identified the shipment. The Consignor
wos identified on one end qnd on both sides of ihe box. cop-
Plote I. Tools of rhe Home pipemoking Industry. Drowing,
Edword ies, Ronold R. Switzer, Bertrqnd Conservqtion [oborolory,
F . Heit e, v ir gi n i c H i s to ri c l q n d m q rk s c o mmi ssi on.
N q t ionql Pqr k Ser vice.

25
27
 I
I

Plote5. Kiln of the Pomplin Smoking Pipe qnd Monufqcluring Com-

pq ny, I nc. , M or ch I 965. The kiln hqd q copocit y of 2O O 'O O 0
Pl o te 4 . T he P om plin S m o k i n g Pi p e q n d Mq n u focturi ng C ompony, Inc.,
pi pes ot o single bur ning. Phoio, Richm ond Tim es- Dispot ch.
M qr c h t 965 . P h o fo , R i c h m o n d T i m e s -D i spotch.

28 29
 Plqte 7. Soggers Used by the Pomplin Foclory. Dimensions of the
lorger sqgger,-overqll heighr 6", overell width, l0y4 Io lOVz",
w q ll t hickness 7h lo 1". Dqr k Br own gloze, m ot t led. Phot os
Plole 6. P i p e M o l d i n g M q c h i n e f r o m t h e P o m p l i n F o c t o r y .T h e m o - ond descr iplion, Edwqr d A Choppell, Vir giniq Hist or ic Lqnd-
chine ond detqil of mold. photos, Virginio HistoricLondmorks mqr ks Com m ission.
Com m is s io n .

30 31
 Iirorn corcful scarch of thc rrcords, this factor.r.
\tJr(.c(l ntore thun 200 t.cars agr). 1'he present planr
has bven in operation for 4* ,years. Shilh:d Arneiical
Hand-Made "Powhatan" ---.
*.
l:.tr
OI
r-l
o - lI
B1l
I
1
|

,Jliiiir u
;:laii=fil
;ii
1:';i
labor is ustd irr a modern, da,r.-lit plant with .special
Erl

l*iiii1
a t t e r r r i o n t r > c l c a r r l i n e s s ,r a n i r r t i o n a n r l i d e a l w o r k i n g
ctrr)ditions. I

3ti
vll
-l'he >t

3i:*
buying trend is torvard Indian cla), axd stonr
,ul

i{;
'l'ourists
lripcs. and visitors to your locality are buying
thcru as gifts, souvenirs and far pertonal usr, Every
o.l
true .\rnerican \vants il genuinc ln<tian pipe*and *rl o
can
i ) u . \ ' 1 , n ( ,f o r l i t t l e r n o r c t h a r r t h e c o i t o f I c a n -.c I E

j1Z{;11i?*
of smok_
irtg trrlr;rcco. ml t
*l o

€iz,iirtl'Ei F}it
( J r t l c r - y o u r a l i s o r t ! ! ) e D tt o d a ] . . t!
I)isnlay thcm well
rn<[ they will sell quickly. I,anrplin Indian pipes givr cl o
,' u lol l
#
you 0 prolit unheard of in the tobacco
trade, o.
o-

lre+r)
,6i
'' tl

o.l
q'I

o - lI
?iittvj
;{
*;j*3;*
i IEf
ftfi
'g r6'gi ri?;i
i?€
rt;*;gfiig$
.5
CLr
E.
r!+
o.!
-j
PAMPLINSMOKINGPIPEAND - surll o;
MANUFACTURTNGCO.,Inc. ol
E!tabllrhcd t?S EI 'o-
Monufacturcn
ol All StylcroI - ur l l
Slonernd PowhatanCloy Pipesand Reed Stemr cl ; oA
ol
PAMPL|N,vtRctNlA, u.5. A. --c I tr: i: cL
nC
cl A. ao
|ol 7v
4.*
EE
Printed irr t'. .\. A. -1' l =
e
7.*
* ls l 79
4
oc
&:,,;, o.u
lol ul *-
cl *"
4 a:
4,:
ufl ,fr,)r: o{
r-l rl"1
co
ol g)-
\T q3

5i
\rt'
t, I ,F4
_.c I
{rl
trJ %9 'ae
t
{ "3{ x,2
{l
{.
zl
?
{') *,: o:
-ci
<l
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f-
f

a
o
c!
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<l : od
a:"
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srl a:
Plqte 8. Brochure, Pomplin smoking pipe ond Mqnufqcturing *-c I
co., Inc., l*l
1941. Copy, Morton L. Wqllerstein.

32 33
 L)J
A

.i P R I C EL I S T
P R I C EL I S T P R I C EL I S T
,F:F|:FCTI\'€ i iBFFEC'rIIE NOYET{BER 15, 19.11) {EFFECTI\'g NO\"E.\IBER 15. I9{Ii
iio\'ElttsliR 15, 19.il)
lSee PaEe 6 !or Jobbtr's Dfsraurrsl [See Pa3c 6 lxr Jobbar's Disrorrrsl
[.!r'e Fa,gc6 lor Jobbrr's Di$o(nrs]

Akron H.rburg
lSiailar /o .{lroa f,ir*rr)
POWHATANHAND.MADEPIPTS llachine-rlade fronl lirginia Qla,r, hard-lurnrd.
attractive red color. Also madc in rrhirr. Prclrd lu{r
lnrlilidualll' pir(*aged irr attrartive rustic fan- to hcr with 5" rccd $flDr. ltk Retailer. Pricc, $J.!rr
per lrux.
r;rint,r, l{isr.,ric:rl BooLltt, instrufiion tag, aitd tno
1{}" rr:sd itemi-$r1( ctrn'ed. r.,nr str;right. readt, Akron Shaker Powow Harnburg
l\Iachine rrnulded from 6re clav. hard-burncd and lSinilar ta loaac' $&alar)
icl mailing. glazed; r srone pipe fired wirh 5" reed slcn). Pacted
trlachine-made lrnm $irginia Ciay, h.rrd-hurnrd,
1(ri to bor \rith stetns. I 5c Rctailer. Prite, $3.00 per bor. atr alrra(tii'e small borvl, ?acled to{l to brx with 5'
Gross $48.00 red strrns. t{lc Retailer. Pricc, $2.50 prf Ito.*.
llinimum order I j Grus. Powow Shalar
Stone pipe, srnoclh finish, glazed, fitted with 5" reed Ole Virginny Flamburg
Retoil.s tar lrow S$f to $1.{N sten. Packed l0D lo bax n'ith ttems. l5c Retaile:. (Srmiiar ta Otc I'irgiray Sha*cr)
lrice. $l.tti} per hrx.
l\frc}rine-madc {rorn finest fire-clay, hard-1'urncd,
rvhite, :imulates meerschaum, onc of, thc mo\t popul!r
Olc Virginny Shaker shapes- ,Alio made in rrd. Pactcd lo0 to box rrirh I*
Buy PipesMade in Amcrica Hcrvier stonr pipe, aftractirr firirh, firted rsitb 5"
rced rtctrr. Paclied I CtOto bor wit h stems. I 5c Retailer.
reed rrIDr:. trlc Rcrailer. Price, $2.70 pcr lrer.

-For American Smokerr! I r i c ( , $ 3 . 0 t 1p e r h o r .

Wigwcm Hamburg
\figwam ShaLet r.lirai/nr tt lf igNan 8*aIcr\
Rral charocter di:tinsrisher this attractive stlnc l\lachinc-nrarlr irlrn f irgiria CIay, hlrd-burucd.
pipc, .fitted rtith j" rred strm. lrrclitd 1{X} to bos rvith Choiee r,f recl ,rr thitt. -\hape lppcal: to young and
POWHATAN COUNTERDISPLAY :lrtns. 15t Rrt:iler. I'ri*, $1.ii0 per lrrrt, uJr{. J'rrlrcl Ii)r! rJ:} hrtx rridr 5" rced uems, Ilk Bt.
rrilr r. I'ri,r. !l.itr lrcr lr,x.
lfrr-rJur l)onhiitart Pipes. ra,:h s-ith I{istoli*al
Iltx,hitt. irrrtrrrr:titn tag, ;rrrl trtra ltl" strxight Hamburg Assortment
,'\Ii r:'i,r lrirnt n{ f,5 crch of thc four abovc druril'rd
strtn irlclu(lcd. elrl ii1,r.s. lr\r i)iirer. firtrd *ith 5" teed strms. Fact*d
I { r r t 1 }i r ) \ w i r h . r t r r r r , l l . i c R e t a i l r r . P r i c t , $ l - $ S l t r b c r .
DOZTVI'() I)iSPl..rt\" C:lRl)
Stcmr l:n be furni:hcd \tIri*ht {)r hrll. ::ri,,- r::r) 1,. {uiilIl.rraighr or l,cnr-
.{dditionai Sremr and Srems Ertrr Lcngth .r,drJirl,nrl Stenr::nd Sitrfi{ Ertra LenEth
Gross $-18.00 Ccn iJr Supplicd at Slight Extra Cost. Crn B" Su;rplitrJ:t Slighr fra.t C(r*t.
\{inirnum rrder Ij Grurr. ,lr'n./ jlfori'.1 Or,Jrr or Cirrl .n'it/r OrJrr !o .lrri.r finr, -trrr./ .lf ra''r Or,ltr o {)/,crl qit/r A*jtr tp Sat'* Iin.:,

{Oiij\fd.l. liarJ illnstratrJ o, Id,yr i nj tbis Crrtal+g.) ilrrms: J'. (lorh l{ith Ordcr, Net 3S Dr1r.
l-r(;r: I 0 Itdcs 1*

Pl q te 1 0 . Pri c e l i s l o f Po mp l in C ompony Pipe Forms. Brochure, Novem-

ber I 5, 1941. Copy, Morlon L. W ol l erstei n.

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Pl o te 1 4 . P om plin A r e q P i p e F o rm s . Plote | 5. PomplinAreq Pipe Forms.

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Pl q te 1 6 . P om plin A r eq Pi p e F o rm s . Plqte | 7. Pomplin Areq Pipe Forms.

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P l q te 1 8 . P om plin A r e q P i p e F o rms . P l qte 19. P omp lin Ar eq Pipe For m s.

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Plste 22. PomplinAreq Pipe Forms. P l qte 23. P ompl i n Ar eq pipe For m s.

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